Demystifying Dengue: How the Virus Attacks and Spreads

 

Dengue fever, a viral illness transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is a global concern, particularly in tropical regions. Understanding how dengue fever attacks the body and spreads is crucial for its management.

How Does Dengue Fever Attack the Body?

When an infected mosquito bites, the virus enters the body and triggers the immune system. It has two main components: the innate immune system offers immediate, non-specific protection, and the adaptive immune system provides specific, long-lasting defense. The virus infects skin and immune cells, including Langerhans cells. It then spreads to lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, liver, and blood, causing viremia. The adaptive immune response produces antibodies and cytotoxic T cells to combat the virus.

How Does Dengue Virus Evade the Immune System?

The virus infects monocytes and macrophages instead of being destroyed by them. These cells spread the virus via the lymphatic system, allowing it to persist and cause widespread infection.

Factors Contributing to Severe Dengue Infections

Chronic diseases and genetic variations can increase the risk of severe dengue infections.

Ways to Protect From Dengue

Preventing dengue involves eliminating stagnant water, using mosquito nets, wearing protective clothing, and applying mosquito repellents.

How is Dengue Virus Detected in the Human Body?

The NS1 antigen is vital for diagnosis, helping healthcare professionals confirm dengue infection quickly, enabling timely treatment.

In conclusion, understanding how dengue fever attacks the body is crucial for effective diagnosis and management. While the immune system plays a vital role, the virus has strategies to evade it. Ongoing research aims to enhance our knowledge of dengue fever and develop better prevention and treatment methods.

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